"""
Theory of Breakthrough Programming (TBP) - CIFAR-10 Implementation

A meta-framework that transforms training into a paradox-navigation problem.
Breakthrough occurs when entropy collapses into a novel paradigm.

Author: TBP Framework
Date: 2026-04-20
"""

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import numpy as np
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Optional, Callable
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
import warnings

# ============================================================================
# PART 1: CORE TBP ARCHITECTURE
# ============================================================================

class InnovationDepth(Enum):
    """Energy threshold levels for different innovation depths."""
    T1_INCREMENTAL = 1  # Existing paradigm, better tuning
    T2_ARCHITECTURAL = 2  # New connections in existing theory
    T3_ALGORITHMIC = 3  # New algorithm for old problem
    T4_PARADIGM = 4  # New way of thinking
    T5_META_PARADOX = 5  # New theory of computation


@dataclass
class Paradox:
    """A high-energy question state that forces paradigm shift."""
    name: str
    assertion: str
    negation: str
    collapse_target: str
    energy: float
    innovation_target: InnovationDepth = InnovationDepth.T3_ALGORITHMIC
    resolved: bool = False


@dataclass
class BreakthroughEvent:
    """Records when entropy collapses into novel paradigm."""
    timestamp: int
    paradox: Paradox
    entropy_before: float
    entropy_after: float
    innovation_type: InnovationDepth
    description: str
    energy_spent: float


class StagnationDetector:
    """
    Module 1: Stagnation Detection (The Sensor Layer)
    
    Detects when current paradigm is exhausted via entropy monitoring.
    """
    
    def __init__(self, window_size: int = 50, plateau_threshold: float = 1e-5):
        self.window_size = window_size
        self.plateau_threshold = plateau_threshold
        self.loss_history = []
        self.entropy_history = []
    
    def compute_entropy(self, losses: torch.Tensor) -> float:
        """Compute training entropy from loss distribution."""
        probs = F.softmax(losses.abs() + 1e-8, dim=0)
        entropy = -torch.sum(probs * torch.log(probs + 1e-8))
        return entropy.item()
    
    def compute_theory_entropy(self, model: nn.Module) -> float:
        """Compute entropy of the current theory (model weights distribution)."""
        weights = torch.cat([p.data.flatten() for p in model.parameters()])
        # Normalize to probability distribution
        probs = torch.abs(weights) / (torch.sum(torch.abs(weights)) + 1e-8)
        entropy = -torch.sum(probs * torch.log(probs + 1e-8))
        return entropy.item()
    
    def detect_entropy_plateau(self) -> bool:
        """Check if entropy has stopped decreasing."""
        if len(self.entropy_history) < self.window_size:
            return False
        
        recent = self.entropy_history[-self.window_size:]
        # Check if variance is below threshold (plateau)
        variance = np.var(recent)
        return variance < self.plateau_threshold
    
    def detect_oscillation(self) -> bool:
        """Detect SGD-like oscillation patterns."""
        if len(self.entropy_history) < self.window_size:
            return False
        
        history = np.array(self.entropy_history[-self.window_size:])
        # Check for periodic oscillation using autocorrelation
        if len(history) < 10:
            return False
        
        centered = history - np.mean(history)
        autocorr = np.correlate(centered, centered, mode='full')
        autocorr = autocorr[len(autocorr)//2:]
        autocorr = autocorr / (autocorr[0] + 1e-8)
        
        # Oscillation detected if autocorrelation has negative values
        return np.any(autocorr[1:] < -0.1)
    
    def check_stagnation(self, model: nn.Module, step: int) -> Dict[str, bool]:
        """Comprehensive stagnation detection."""
        entropy = self.compute_theory_entropy(model)
        self.entropy_history.append(entropy)
        
        return {
            'is_stagnant': self.detect_entropy_plateau() or self.detect_oscillation(),
            'entropy_plateau': self.detect_entropy_plateau(),
            'oscillation': self.detect_oscillation(),
            'current_entropy': entropy
        }


class ParadoxInjector:
    """
    Module 2: Paradox Injection (The Mutation Layer)
    
    Injects high-energy question states that force system out of local maxima.
    """
    
    # Paradox library - predefined paradoxes for ML training
    PARADOXES = [
        Paradox(
            name="NoBackprop_Paradox",
            assertion="Models require gradient descent to learn",
            negation="Models can learn WITHOUT gradient descent",
            collapse_target="equilibrium_models",
            energy=0.8,
            innovation_target=InnovationDepth.T4_PARADIGM
        ),
        Paradox(
            name="NoiseLearning_Paradox",
            assertion="Training requires clean, labeled data",
            negation="Noise itself is a learning signal",
            collapse_target="noise_based_learning",
            energy=0.7,
            innovation_target=InnovationDepth.T3_ALGORITHMIC
        ),
        Paradox(
            name="ShrinkToGrow_Paradox",
            assertion="More parameters always improve performance",
            negation="Shrinking a model can improve its performance",
            collapse_target="lottery_ticket",
            energy=0.6,
            innovation_target=InnovationDepth.T3_ALGORITHMIC
        ),
        Paradox(
            name="SlowIsFast_Paradox",
            assertion="Faster convergence is better",
            negation="Slower, oscillatory convergence finds better optima",
            collapse_target="oscillatory_learning",
            energy=0.5,
            innovation_target=InnovationDepth.T2_ARCHITECTURAL
        ),
        Paradox(
            name="ForgettingProgress_Paradox",
            assertion="Training must preserve learned knowledge",
            negation="Forgetting some knowledge enables faster new learning",
            collapse_target="elastic_weight_consolidation",
            energy=0.6,
            innovation_target=InnovationDepth.T3_ALGORITHMIC
        ),
        Paradox(
            name="SparseIsDense_Paradox",
            assertion="Dense networks are more expressive",
            negation="Sparse, event-driven updates are more efficient",
            collapse_target="event_driven_sparse",
            energy=0.75,
            innovation_target=InnovationDepth.T3_ALGORITHMIC
        ),
    ]
    
    def __init__(self, active_paradoxes: Optional[List[Paradox]] = None):
        self.active_paradoxes = active_paradoxes or self.PARADOXES.copy()
        self.injected_paradoxes = []
    
    def inject_random_paradox(self) -> Paradox:
        """Inject a random paradox from the library."""
        paradox = np.random.choice(self.active_paradoxes)
        paradox.resolved = False
        self.injected_paradoxes.append(paradox)
        return paradox
    
    def get_unresolved_paradoxes(self) -> List[Paradox]:
        """Get all paradoxes that haven't been resolved."""
        return [p for p in self.injected_paradoxes if not p.resolved]
    
    def generate_paradox_questions(self, paradox: Paradox) -> List[str]:
        """Generate questions from a paradox for navigation."""
        return [
            f"Is '{paradox.assertion}' always true?",
            f"What if '{paradox.negation}' were true?",
            f"Can we find a state where both assertion and negation coexist?",
            f"What structure collapses when we accept the negation?",
            f"How does the collapse target '{paradox.collapse_target}' emerge?"
        ]


class ODECCTNavigator:
    """
    Module 3: ODE-CCT Question Space Navigation (The Search Layer)
    
    Finds minimal question path that collapses paradox into novel paradigm.
    Uses TSP-style optimization for maximum collapse potential per cost.
    """
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.question_path = []
        self.collapse_potentials = []
        self.current_entropy = float('inf')
    
    def compute_collapse_potential(self, question: str, model: nn.Module) -> float:
        """
        Estimate collapse potential (Δ_i) for a question.
        Higher values mean more paradigm-changing.
        """
        # Simplified: use model parameter diversity as proxy
        params = torch.cat([p.data.flatten() for p in model.parameters()])
        diversity = torch.std(params).item()
        return diversity * np.random.uniform(0.5, 2.0)  # Add exploration noise
    
    def generate_question_lattice(self, paradox: Paradox, n_questions: int = 20) -> List[Dict]:
        """Generate a lattice of questions around the paradox."""
        questions = []
        
        # Generate base questions from paradox
        base_questions = [
            f"What if {paradox.negation}?",
            f"How does {paradox.collapse_target} emerge from chaos?",
            f"What is the minimum energy required to resolve this paradox?",
            f"Can we find an equilibrium state between assertion and negation?",
        ]
        
        # Add meta questions
        meta_questions = [
            "What assumption are we not questioning?",
            "What would a completely different paradigm look like?",
            "What constraints are we blindly accepting?",
            "What if the problem definition itself is wrong?",
        ]
        
        all_questions = base_questions + meta_questions
        
        for q in all_questions[:n_questions]:
            questions.append({
                'text': q,
                'type': 'PARADOX' if 'What if' in q else 'META',
                'collapse_potential': np.random.uniform(0.3, 1.0),  # Will be refined
                'cost': np.random.uniform(0.1, 0.5)
            })
        
        return questions
    
    def find_breakthrough_path(self, questions: List[Dict], max_steps: int = 10) -> List[Dict]:
        """
        TSP-style path finding: maximize Δ per cost.
        Returns optimal question sequence for breakthrough.
        """
        # Sort by collapse potential per unit cost
        sorted_questions = sorted(
            questions,
            key=lambda q: q['collapse_potential'] / (q['cost'] + 1e-8),
            reverse=True
        )
        
        # Take top-k questions as breakthrough path
        path = sorted_questions[:max_steps]
        self.question_path = path
        self.collapse_potentials = [q['collapse_potential'] for q in path]
        
        return path
    
    def compute_path_entropy_reduction(self) -> float:
        """Calculate total entropy reduction from the path."""
        return sum(self.collapse_potentials)


# ============================================================================
# PART 2: BREAKTHROUGH TRAINING ALGORITHMS
# ============================================================================

class BreakthroughOptimizer(nn.Module):
    """
    Novel optimizer that incorporates paradox resolution into training.
    This is the COLLAPSE mechanism - transforms entropy into novel structure.
    """
    
    def __init__(self, model: nn.Module, paradox: Paradox, lr: float = 0.01):
        super().__init__()
        self.model = model
        self.paradox = paradox
        self.lr = lr
        self.phase = 'ASSERTION'  # or 'NEGATION' or 'COLLAPSE'
        self.collapse_progress = 0.0
        self.energy_spent = 0.0
        
        # Innovation-specific parameters based on paradox type
        self._init_innovation_params()
    
    def _init_innovation_params(self):
        """Initialize parameters based on the innovation target."""
        if self.paradox.name == "NoBackprop_Paradox":
            # Energy-based model parameters
            self.energy_scale = nn.Parameter(torch.tensor(1.0))
            self.equilibrium_threshold = 0.5
            self.restoration_factor = 0.1
            
        elif self.paradox.name == "ShrinkToGrow_Paradox":
            # Lottery ticket parameters
            self.mask = None
            self.prune_ratio = 0.3
            self.growth_strategy = 'magnitude'
            
        elif self.paradox.name == "SparseIsDense_Paradox":
            # Event-driven sparse learning
            self.spike_threshold = 0.1
            self.event_buffer = []
            self.sparse_factor = 0.9
            
        elif self.paradox.name == "SlowIsFast_Paradox":
            # Oscillatory learning
            self.oscillation_amplitude = 1.0
            self.oscillation_frequency = 0.1
            
        else:
            # Default innovation parameters
            self.mutation_strength = nn.Parameter(torch.tensor(0.1))
    
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, training: bool = True) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Forward pass with paradox-aware transformations."""
        if not training:
            return self.model(x)
        
        # Phase-based processing
        if self.phase == 'NEGATION':
            # Apply paradox negation effect
            x = self._apply_negation(x)
        elif self.phase == 'COLLAPSE':
            # Collapse into novel structure
            x = self._apply_collapse(x)
        
        return self.model(x)
    
    def _apply_negation(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Apply the negation of the current paradigm."""
        if self.paradox.name == "NoBackprop_Paradox":
            # Add noise-based regularization instead of gradients
            noise = torch.randn_like(x) * self.energy_scale.abs()
            x = x + noise * 0.1
            
        elif self.paradox.name == "SparseIsDense_Paradox":
            # Sparse event-driven: threshold small activations
            mask = (torch.abs(x) > self.spike_threshold).float()
            x = x * mask
            
        return x
    
    def _apply_collapse(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Collapse entropy into novel paradigm structure."""
        if self.paradox.name == "NoBackprop_Paradox":
            # Equilibrium propagation style
            # Negative phase: free phase (no target)
            # Positive phase: weak driving force
            x = torch.tanh(x)  # Sigmoid equilibrium
            
        elif self.paradox.name == "ShrinkToGrow_Paradox":
            # Prune and regrow
            if self.mask is None:
                self.mask = torch.ones_like(list(self.model.parameters())[0])
            
            for i, (name, param) in enumerate(self.model.named_parameters()):
                if i == 0:
                    param.data *= self.mask[:param.numel()].reshape(param.shape)
                    
        return x
    
    def step(self, loss: torch.Tensor, epoch: int):
        """
        Paradox-aware optimization step.
        Resolves paradox by navigating assertion → negation → collapse.
        """
        self.energy_spent += loss.item()
        
        # Phase progression based on energy spent and collapse potential
        energy_threshold = self.paradox.energy * 100
        collapse_threshold = self.paradox.energy * 50
        
        if self.energy_spent < energy_threshold * 0.3:
            self.phase = 'ASSERTION'
        elif self.energy_spent < energy_threshold:
            self.phase = 'NEGATION'
        else:
            self.phase = 'COLLAPSE'
        
        self.collapse_progress = min(1.0, self.energy_spent / energy_threshold)
        
        # Standard gradient step (baseline)
        gradients = torch.autograd.grad(
            loss, self.model.parameters(), 
            retain_graph=True, 
            allow_unused=True
        )
        
        # Paradox modification: inject non-gradient dynamics
        with torch.no_grad():
            for i, param in enumerate(self.model.parameters()):
                if gradients[i] is not None:
                    # Add paradox-based modification
                    paradox_mod = self._compute_paradox_modification(param, epoch)
                    param -= self.lr * (gradients[i] + paradox_mod)
                    
                    # Constrain energy spending
                    param.clamp_(-10, 10)
    
    def _compute_paradox_modification(self, param: torch.Tensor, epoch: int) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Compute paradox-specific parameter modification."""
        if self.paradox.name == "SlowIsFast_Paradox":
            # Oscillatory perturbation
            oscillation = torch.sin(torch.tensor(
                2 * np.pi * self.oscillation_frequency * epoch,
                device=param.device,
                dtype=param.dtype
            ))
            return self.oscillation_amplitude * oscillation * torch.randn_like(param) * 0.1
            
        elif self.paradox.name == "ShrinkToGrow_Paradox":
            # Magnitude-based pruning/growth
            threshold = torch.quantile(torch.abs(param), self.prune_ratio)
            mask = (torch.abs(param) > threshold).float()
            growth_signal = -param * (1 - mask) * 0.01  # Grow small weights
            return growth_signal
            
        elif self.paradox.name == "SparseIsDense_Paradox":
            # Event-driven sparse updates
            spike_mask = (torch.abs(param) > self.spike_threshold).float()
            return -param * spike_mask * 0.05
            
        else:
            # Random mutation scaled by paradox energy
            return self.mutation_strength * torch.randn_like(param) * self.paradox.energy


class BreakthroughTrainer:
    """
    Main training class that orchestrates TBP protocol.
    """
    
    def __init__(
        self,
        model: nn.Module,
        train_loader: torch.utils.data.DataLoader,
        test_loader: torch.utils.data.DataLoader,
        device: str = 'cuda',
        paradox: Optional[Paradox] = None
    ):
        self.model = model.to(device)
        self.train_loader = train_loader
        self.test_loader = test_loader
        self.device = device
        
        # TBP Components
        self.stagnation_detector = StagnationDetector()
        self.paradox_injector = ParadoxInjector()
        self.navigator = ODECCTNavigator()
        
        # Active paradox for this training run
        self.active_paradox = paradox or self.paradox_injector.inject_random_paradox()
        
        # Breakthrough tracking
        self.breakthrough_events: List[BreakthroughEvent] = []
        self.current_phase = 'ASSERTION'
        
        # Metrics
        self.train_losses = []
        self.test_accuracies = []
        self.entropy_history = []
        
    def train_epoch(self, optimizer: BreakthroughOptimizer, epoch: int) -> float:
        """Train one epoch with paradox-aware optimization."""
        self.model.train()
        total_loss = 0.0
        
        for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(self.train_loader):
            data, target = data.to(self.device), target.to(self.device)
            
            # Paradox-aware forward pass
            output = optimizer(data, training=True)
            loss = F.cross_entropy(output, target)
            
            # Paradox-aware optimization step
            optimizer.step(loss, epoch)
            
            total_loss += loss.item()
        
        return total_loss / len(self.train_loader)
    
    def evaluate(self) -> Tuple[float, float]:
        """Evaluate model on test set."""
        self.model.eval()
        correct = 0
        total = 0
        test_loss = 0.0
        
        with torch.no_grad():
            for data, target in self.test_loader:
                data, target = data.to(self.device), target.to(self.device)
                output = self.model(data)
                loss = F.cross_entropy(output, target)
                test_loss += loss.item()
                
                _, predicted = output.max(1)
                total += target.size(0)
                correct += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()
        
        accuracy = 100.0 * correct / total
        return test_loss / len(self.test_loader), accuracy
    
    def check_for_breakthrough(self, epoch: int) -> Optional[BreakthroughEvent]:
        """
        Check if a breakthrough event has occurred.
        Breakthrough = entropy collapse into novel paradigm.
        """
        # Check stagnation status
        stagnation = self.stagnation_detector.check_stagnation(self.model, epoch)
        
        if stagnation['is_stagnant'] and len(self.entropy_history) > 10:
            # Check if entropy is collapsing
            recent_entropy = stagnation['current_entropy']
            older_entropy = self.entropy_history[-10] if len(self.entropy_history) >= 10 else recent_entropy
            
            entropy_drop = older_entropy - recent_entropy
            
            if entropy_drop > 0.5:  # Significant entropy reduction
                breakthrough = BreakthroughEvent(
                    timestamp=epoch,
                    paradox=self.active_paradox,
                    entropy_before=older_entropy,
                    entropy_after=recent_entropy,
                    innovation_type=self.active_paradox.innovation_target,
                    description=f"Entropy collapsed by {entropy_drop:.2f} via {self.active_paradox.name}",
                    energy_spent=sum(self.train_losses[-100:])
                )
                self.breakthrough_events.append(breakthrough)
                self.active_paradox.resolved = True
                return breakthrough
        
        return None
    
    def run(
        self,
        epochs: int = 50,
        lr: float = 0.01,
        breakthrough_threshold: float = 0.7
    ) -> Dict:
        """
        Run the TBP training protocol.
        
        Returns:
            Dictionary with training results and breakthrough events.
        """
        print(f"\n{'='*60}")
        print(f"BREAKTHROUGH TRAINING PROTOCOL")
        print(f"{'='*60}")
        print(f"Active Paradox: {self.active_paradox.name}")
        print(f"Assertion: {self.active_paradox.assertion}")
        print(f"Negation: {self.active_paradox.negation}")
        print(f"Collapse Target: {self.active_paradox.collapse_target}")
        print(f"Target Innovation Depth: {self.active_paradox.innovation_target.name}")
        print(f"{'='*60}\n")
        
        # Initialize paradox-aware optimizer
        optimizer = BreakthroughOptimizer(self.model, self.active_paradox, lr)
        
        best_accuracy = 0.0
        best_epoch = 0
        
        for epoch in range(epochs):
            # Train epoch
            train_loss = self.train_epoch(optimizer, epoch)
            self.train_losses.append(train_loss)
            
            # Evaluate
            test_loss, accuracy = self.evaluate()
            self.test_accuracies.append(accuracy)
            
            # Track entropy
            entropy = self.stagnation_detector.compute_theory_entropy(self.model)
            self.entropy_history.append(entropy)
            
            # Update phase display
            if optimizer.phase != self.current_phase:
                self.current_phase = optimizer.phase
                print(f"\n>>> PARADIGM PHASE SHIFT: {self.current_phase.upper()} <<<\n")
            
            # Progress reporting
            if epoch % 5 == 0 or accuracy > best_accuracy:
                print(f"Epoch {epoch:3d} | Loss: {train_loss:.4f} | "
                      f"Test Loss: {test_loss:.4f} | Acc: {accuracy:.2f}% | "
                      f"Entropy: {entropy:.4f} | Phase: {optimizer.phase} | "
                      f"Collapse: {optimizer.collapse_progress:.2%}")
            
            # Track best
            if accuracy > best_accuracy:
                best_accuracy = accuracy
                best_epoch = epoch
            
            # Check for breakthrough
            breakthrough = self.check_for_breakthrough(epoch)
            if breakthrough:
                print(f"\n{'!'*60}")
                print(f"🚀 BREAKTHROUGH EVENT DETECTED!")
                print(f"{'!'*60}")
                print(f"Epoch: {breakthrough.timestamp}")
                print(f"Paradox: {breakthrough.paradox.name}")
                print(f"Innovation Type: {breakthrough.innovation_type.name}")
                print(f"Entropy Reduction: {breakthrough.entropy_before:.4f} → {breakthrough.entropy_after:.4f}")
                print(f"Description: {breakthrough.description}")
                print(f"{'!'*60}\n")
        
        # Generate breakthrough report
        report = {
            'best_accuracy': best_accuracy,
            'best_epoch': best_epoch,
            'final_accuracy': self.test_accuracies[-1],
            'total_epochs': epochs,
            'active_paradox': self.active_paradox.name,
            'breakthrough_events': self.breakthrough_events,
            'entropy_history': self.entropy_history,
            'training_losses': self.train_losses,
            'test_accuracies': self.test_accuracies,
            'total_energy_spent': sum(self.train_losses),
            'collapse_reached': optimizer.collapse_progress
        }
        
        self._print_final_report(report)
        
        return report
    
    def _print_final_report(self, report: Dict):
        """Print comprehensive training report."""
        print(f"\n{'='*60}")
        print(f"BREAKTHROUGH TRAINING COMPLETE")
        print(f"{'='*60}")
        print(f"Best Accuracy: {report['best_accuracy']:.2f}% (Epoch {report['best_epoch']})")
        print(f"Final Accuracy: {report['final_accuracy']:.2f}%")
        print(f"Paradox Resolved: {report['active_paradox']}")
        print(f"Breakthrough Events: {len(report['breakthrough_events'])}")
        print(f"Total Energy Spent: {report['total_energy_spent']:.2f}")
        print(f"Collapse Progress: {report['collapse_reached']:.2%}")
        
        if report['breakthrough_events']:
            print(f"\n{'='*60}")
            print(f"BREAKTHROUGH EVENTS:")
            print(f"{'='*60}")
            for i, event in enumerate(report['breakthrough_events']):
                print(f"{i+1}. {event.description}")
                print(f"   Entropy: {event.entropy_before:.4f} → {event.entropy_after:.4f}")
                print(f"   Innovation: {event.innovation_type.name}")
        
        print(f"{'='*60}\n")


# ============================================================================
# PART 3: BREAKTHROUGH ARCHITECTURE
# ============================================================================

class ParadoxAwareCNN(nn.Module):
    """
    Neural network architecture designed for paradox-based training.
    Incorporates structure that can collapse into novel paradigms.
    """
    
    def __init__(self, paradox: Optional[Paradox] = None):
        super().__init__()
        self.paradox = paradox
        
        # Dynamic feature extraction (can collapse into different structures)
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        
        # Paradox-responsive normalization
        self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm([64, 32, 32])
        self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm([128, 16, 16])
        self.norm3 = nn.LayerNorm([256, 8, 8])
        
        # Adaptive pooling (can become sparse)
        self.pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((4, 4))
        
        # Paradox-aware fully connected
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(256 * 4 * 4, 512)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(512, 256)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(256, 10)
        
        # Dropout (can be pruned in shrink-to-grow paradox)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.5)
        
    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        # Paradox-responsive convolution
        x = self.norm1(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        x = self.norm2(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
        x = F.max_pool2d(x, kernel_size=2, stride=2)
        x = self.norm3(F.relu(self.conv3(x)))

        # Paradox-responsive pooling
        if self.paradox and self.paradox.name == "SparseIsDense_Paradox":
            # Sparse event-driven pooling
            spike = (x.mean(dim=(2, 3)) > 0.1).float().unsqueeze(-1).unsqueeze(-1)
            x = x * spike
        else:
            x = self.pool(x)
        
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.dropout(F.relu(self.fc1(x)))
        x = self.dropout(F.relu(self.fc2(x)))
        x = self.fc3(x)
        
        return x


# ============================================================================
# PART 4: MAIN TRAINING PIPELINE
# ============================================================================

def run_breakthrough_experiment(
    paradox_name: str = None,
    epochs: int = 50,
    batch_size: int = 128,
    lr: float = 0.01
):
    """
    Run breakthrough training experiment on CIFAR-10.
    """
    print("\n" + "="*70)
    print("🚀 THEORY OF BREAKTHROUGH PROGRAMMING - CIFAR-10 EXPERIMENT 🚀")
    print("="*70)
    
    # Setup device
    device = 'cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu'
    print(f"Device: {device}")
    
    # Load CIFAR-10
    transform_train = transforms.Compose([
        transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4),
        transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize((0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465), (0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010))
    ])
    
    transform_test = transforms.Compose([
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize((0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465), (0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010))
    ])
    
    train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(
        root='../data', train=True, download=True, transform=transform_train
    )
    test_dataset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(
        root='../data', train=False, download=True, transform=transform_test
    )
    
    train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=4
    )
    test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=4
    )
    
    print(f"Training samples: {len(train_dataset)}")
    print(f"Test samples: {len(test_dataset)}")
    
    # Select paradox
    paradox_library = ParadoxInjector.PARADOXES
    if paradox_name:
        selected_paradox = next(
            (p for p in paradox_library if p.name == paradox_name),
            paradox_library[0]
        )
    else:
        selected_paradox = np.random.choice(paradox_library)
    
    print(f"\nSelected Paradox: {selected_paradox.name}")
    print(f"Innovation Target: {selected_paradox.innovation_target.name}")
    print(f"Energy Level: {selected_paradox.energy}")
    
    # Create model
    model = ParadoxAwareCNN(selected_paradox)
    
    # Create breakthrough trainer
    trainer = BreakthroughTrainer(
        model=model,
        train_loader=train_loader,
        test_loader=test_loader,
        device=device,
        paradox=selected_paradox
    )
    
    # Run training
    results = trainer.run(epochs=epochs, lr=lr)
    
    return results


def run_multi_paradox_comparison():
    """
    Run experiments with multiple paradoxes to find best breakthrough approach.
    """
    print("\n" + "="*70)
    print("🔬 MULTI-PARADOX COMPARISON EXPERIMENT")
    print("="*70)
    
    results = {}
    paradox_names = [
        "NoBackprop_Paradox",
        "ShrinkToGrow_Paradox", 
        "SparseIsDense_Paradox",
        "SlowIsFast_Paradox"
    ]
    
    for paradox_name in paradox_names:
        print(f"\n{'='*50}")
        print(f"Testing: {paradox_name}")
        print(f"{'='*50}")
        
        try:
            result = run_breakthrough_experiment(
                paradox_name=paradox_name,
                epochs=30,  # Shorter for comparison
                batch_size=128,
                lr=0.01
            )
            results[paradox_name] = result
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error with {paradox_name}: {e}")
            results[paradox_name] = {'error': str(e)}
    
    # Summary comparison
    print("\n" + "="*70)
    print("📊 PARADOX COMPARISON SUMMARY")
    print("="*70)
    
    for name, result in results.items():
        if 'error' in result:
            print(f"{name}: ERROR - {result['error']}")
        else:
            print(f"{name}:")
            print(f"  Best Accuracy: {result['best_accuracy']:.2f}%")
            print(f"  Breakthrough Events: {len(result['breakthrough_events'])}")
            print(f"  Total Energy: {result['total_energy_spent']:.2f}")
            print(f"  Collapse Progress: {result['collapse_reached']:.2%}")
    
    return results


# ============================================================================
# PART 5: VISUALIZATION & ANALYSIS
# ============================================================================

def plot_breakthrough_analysis(results: Dict, save_path: str = 'breakthrough_analysis.png'):
    """
    Visualize breakthrough training dynamics.
    """
    try:
        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
        
        fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(14, 10))
        
        # Training loss
        axes[0, 0].plot(results['training_losses'], 'b-', alpha=0.7)
        axes[0, 0].set_title('Training Loss (Energy Spent)')
        axes[0, 0].set_xlabel('Epoch')
        axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('Loss')
        axes[0, 0].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
        
        # Test accuracy
        axes[0, 1].plot(results['test_accuracies'], 'g-', alpha=0.7)
        axes[0, 1].set_title('Test Accuracy')
        axes[0, 1].set_xlabel('Epoch')
        axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('Accuracy (%)')
        axes[0, 1].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
        
        # Entropy history (breakthrough indicator)
        axes[1, 0].plot(results['entropy_history'], 'r-', alpha=0.7)
        axes[1, 0].set_title('Theory Entropy (Breakthrough Monitor)')
        axes[1, 0].set_xlabel('Epoch')
        axes[1, 0].set_ylabel('Entropy')
        axes[1, 0].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
        
        # Mark breakthrough events
        for event in results['breakthrough_events']:
            axes[1, 0].axvline(x=event.timestamp, color='orange', 
                              linestyle='--', alpha=0.7, label='Breakthrough')
        
        # Loss vs Accuracy correlation
        axes[1, 1].scatter(results['training_losses'][::5], 
                          results['test_accuracies'][::5], 
                          c=range(len(results['training_losses'][::5])),
                          cmap='viridis', alpha=0.6)
        axes[1, 1].set_title('Loss vs Accuracy Trajectory')
        axes[1, 1].set_xlabel('Training Loss')
        axes[1, 1].set_ylabel('Test Accuracy (%)')
        axes[1, 1].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
        
        plt.suptitle(f"Breakthrough Training Analysis - {results['active_paradox']}", 
                    fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
        plt.tight_layout()
        plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
        print(f"Analysis plot saved to: {save_path}")
        
    except ImportError:
        print("Matplotlib not available. Skipping visualization.")


# ============================================================================
# ENTRY POINT
# ============================================================================

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import argparse
    
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Breakthrough ML Training on CIFAR-10')
    parser.add_argument('--mode', type=str, default='single', 
                       choices=['single', 'comparison'],
                       help='Training mode: single paradox or multi-paradox comparison')
    parser.add_argument('--paradox', type=str, default=None,
                       help='Specific paradox to test (e.g., NoBackprop_Paradox)')
    parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=50,
                       help='Number of training epochs')
    parser.add_argument('--batch_size', type=int, default=128,
                       help='Batch size')
    parser.add_argument('--lr', type=float, default=0.01,
                       help='Learning rate')
    
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    if args.mode == 'single':
        results = run_breakthrough_experiment(
            paradox_name=args.paradox,
            epochs=args.epochs,
            batch_size=args.batch_size,
            lr=args.lr
        )
        plot_breakthrough_analysis(results)
        
    elif args.mode == 'comparison':
        results = run_multi_paradox_comparison()
